黄宗羲与决定论

HUANG Zong-xi and Determinism

世界是决定的还是非决定的以及怎样决定,是古今中外哲学、科学与人生的一大议题。虽然有别于西方的机械自然观,但中国传统的元气论由于其类似于西方机械论的旧唯物主义性质———即将精神也归结为物质即元气的一元实在,因而也势必倾向乃至可能走入某种形式的决定论,这一点在黄宗羲身上表现得可谓典型而鲜明。选取我国明清三大思想家之一的黄宗羲的决定论倾向进行讨论,发掘其这种倾向的基础、原因和影响,除了具有重要的科学思想史价值之外,对于破除当今的周易预测、麻衣神相甚至电脑算命之类的迷信也不无裨益。

Determinism or Non-determinism,that has been one of the key topics in the history of philosophy and science.Though different in essence from the western mechanism,the Chinese traditional vigourism does have some similar views with the western mechanical materialism,as both regard spirit as existence.Consequently,vigourism would unavoidably develop into a kind of determinism,which is rightly manifested in the ideas of Huang Zongxi.This paper intends to investigate into the determinism inclinations of Huang Zongxi's,one of the three most influential philosophers in the Ming and Qing dynasties of China.Such discussions are not only of interests from the point of view of the history of science,but also of great help in refuting such superstitions popular in modern times as Zhou Yi fortune determinism,Mayi fortune determinism and computer fortune telling practices.