规划决策民主化:基于城市管治的透视

DEMOCRATIZATION OF PLANNING POLICY-MAKING: PROSPECTIVE OF URBAN GOVERNANCE

管治是探索政府、市场、公众等多元力量协调整合的理念与过程。在中国城市发展面临巨大转型的背景下引入、借鉴管治的思维,对促进城市规划健康发展与决策民主化都具有重要的意义。文章介绍了管治的背景、内涵,从管治的角度论述了中国特定发展环境中的城市规划民主决策问题,并辨证地评析了管治的作用。文章认为,中国正在转变的社会经济背景和城市管理的要求,使得管治进入中国有其必然性和必要性。随后文章分别从城市规划存在的整体性体制缺陷、政府的企业化导向、薄弱的公民社会等方面,分别阐述了在中国开展城市规划决策民主化所面临的严峻挑战。在发展转型期,中国城市规划决策的民主化只能是有限目标、有限进度的。文章的基本结论是:城市规划决策民主化是与整体社会经济发展阶段、体制相匹配的一个环节,它的建设与完善取决于整体的社会管治水平。

Governance is one kind of concepts and process to explore the government, market and public to coordinate and integrate each other. Under the background of China's urban developing transition, governance is introduced, which plays a significant meaning to promote the healthy development and policy-making democratization of urban planning. This paper introduces the governance's background and connotation, from which the democratic policy-making of urban planning in China's specific developing environment is expounded. And it dialectically analyzes the role of governance. In this paper, it's believed that it's inevitable and necessary for the emergence of governance in China. Then it discusses the sever challenge for democratization of Chinese urban planning policy-making, respectively from the existing overall systematic defect in urban planning, entrepreneurial guide of government and weak citizen society. In the transition of development, both the goal and pace for democratization of Chinese urban planning policy-making is merely limited. But governance is not all-purpose. Actually governance is a reflection of complex, multivariate and dynamic social phenomenon, and there is not a regular normal form. Good governance is closely connected with the political, economic and cultural background of the country, region or city, therefore there does not exist only one ideal pattern. Chinese government's governance is changing in a environment that affected by internal and external factors together, therefore we must consider the special background of Chinese society fully, and can not give up the power of governments easily. It's normal think that China maybe has better and more effective governance than western countries in the prudent transition system. It's basically concluded: democratization of urban planning policy-making is one of the links that should be in conformity with the whole socio-economic developing stage and system, and its construction and completion replies on the overall social governance level.