黑龙江省春小麦生产现状、问题和对策

Present Situation and Problems and Solving Ways of Spring Wheat Production in HeiLongjiang Province

黑龙江省是春小麦主产区,近年来面积急剧下降,成本高、单产低、效益差,种植区域北移,面积减少已影响作物间的合理轮作。主要问题是种植规模小、优质难优价,种植成本高,旱灾严重,管理粗放,单位投入产出率低,农村标准化作业程度低,市场的牵动作用差。应认真分析当地小麦的种植优势,合理区划布局,扩大规模面积,应用大机具,强调标准化作业。要提高单产、稳定品质、降低生产成本,利用市场经济推动春小麦生产。

Heilongjiang province is main production region of spring wheat.In recent few years,high cost and low yield and efficient leaded to area of planting reduced quickly and region of planting were moved to the northern part of Heilongjiang province.Suitable crop rotation was influenced by reducing of area.The major problems were that the planting scale was small and high quality was low price while the cost of planting was high.In addition,the pulling force of market and level of standardization was low,the same time,serious dry,rude management and low rate of putting into and gaining in an unit area.The superiorities of wheat planting regions should be analysed.Rational division and distribution should be arrangement and planting areas should be expanded.We must use the large agriculture machines,enhanced standardization and make great efforts increase the yield of wheat in an unit area,steady the quaility of wheat while reducing cost and promoting the production of spring wheat by using market economic.