从新民主主义文化到社会主义文化——新民主主义文化的历史局限性探析

From New Democratism Culture to Socialism Culture ——The Historical Limitation of New Democratism Culture

新民主主义文化与社会主义文化有不可分割的联系。通过对这两者关系的分析,既可以反映出新民主主义文化的进步性,又可以揭示其历史的局限性。新民主主义文化具有历史的进步作用。作为无产阶级领导的、民族的、科学的、大众的文化,具有社会主义因素,是可以通向社会主义的,它是社会主义文化的母体,社会主义文化孕育于新民主主义文化。但新民主主义文化在当时是被当作为革命斗争的武器来打造的,它带有明显的政治功利性,它极端地强调为阶级斗争服务,为工农兵服务,忽视文化发展的内在规律。这决定了新民主主义文化必须自我扬弃或与时俱进,才能顺畅地通向社会主义,才能孕育出健康的社会主义文化。新中国成立后,社会主义文化由于延续了新民主主义文化建设模式而遭受的挫折,进一步证明了新民主主义文化存在局限性。

New Democratism Culture had an inalienable relationship with Socialism Culture. Through the analysis of relationship between these two cultures, we can not only see the progress of the New Democratism Culture, but the historical limitation of it as well. New Democratism Culture had historical progress. New Democratism Culture was under the leadership of Proletariate and it was a national, scientific and mass culture. New Democratism Culture had the elements of Socialism Culture. It can lead to the road to the Socialism and had a prototype of Socialism Culture. Socialism Culture was born from the New Democratism Culture. But at that time, New Democratism Culture had been used as a revolutionary weapon and had a very obvious political function. It had emphasized too much on the service for the masses and overlooked the internal rule of cultural development. All of these decided that only if New Democratism Culture had the character of improving itself according to the situation, then it can lead to the Socialism Culture and give birth to it. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, because Socialism Culture had adopted the construction model of New Democratism Culture, Socialism Culture had suffered lots of setbacks. This again proved that New Democratism Culture had historical limitations.