宋代后妃临朝不危政原因浅析

A Brief Discussion about Causes of Empresses in Powerbut not Jeopardizing in the Song Dynasty

后妃干政,历朝多见,既有为维护皇权平稳交替,社会安定繁荣的贤妃,也有为谋得一己私欲而祸国殃民的野心家。纵观历史,总体上是弊大于利。然有宋一代,共有九位后妃十次临朝听政,但都未危及赵宋王朝的统治,这在中国历史上较为罕见。究其原因,与宋代家法的严密,士大夫阶层的监督抵制,对外戚的防范以及后妃自身的约束有很大关系。

It has often been seen in many dynasties that the empresses interfered in power. Among them, some were very virtuous and talented to have made contributions to a steady succession of the imperial power and to the social development as well. By contrast, some who harboured political ambitions wrecked the country just for the selfish motives. From the general review of the Chinese history, the advantages of such an inference overweigh the disadvantages. Historically there were 9 empresses held court up to 10 times in the Song Dynasty, but they did not sway the reigning status in the time which was quite rare in Chinese history. It is concluded that some factors as: strict feudal rules, the supervision of scholar-officials, the guarding against royal relatives and self-binding of the empresses may have considered as reasons.