玉米自交系产量及主要穗部性状的配合力分析

Analysis on Yield of Maize Inbred Line and Combining Ability of Maize Ear's Main Traits in Ningxia

采用不完全双列杂交方法,以宁夏自育的14个玉米自交系和2个常用自交系为母本,与改良Reid、Lancaster(Mo17和自330两个亚群)、塘四平头、旅大红骨这5个亚群的代表系Mo17、丹340、掖478、黄早四、B73为父本,进行了产量及主要穗部性状的配合力研究。结果表明,目前生产上主栽品种掖单19的亲本掖478与掖52106具有较高的特殊配合力;一般配合力以掖52106最高,宁58、郑22、宁70次之;特殊配合力较掖52106×掖478高的组合有4个,仅占配制组合的5%,说明多年来宁夏自育的玉米自交系在性状上还需进一步改良。试验对产量及主要穗部性状的配合力、遗传力及其相关性做了较深入的分析,产量与穗长、穗粗及行粒数的配合力相关性较大,提出了自交系性状选择应以穗行数为主,行粒数、千粒重次之,对产量直接选择效果较小。

The 14 maize inbred lines in Ningxia and 2 ordinarycorn inbred lin es crossed with 5 inbred lines of Mo17, Dan340, Ye478, Huangzao 4, B73 from Reid , Lancaster, Tangsipingtou, Ludahonggu were analyzed by Diallel Cross Method. Th e results showed that Ye478 and Ye52106, the parents of Yedan 19(main cultivar i n production in Ningxia) had very high SCA. The lines with highest yield GCA is Ye52106 and Ning58, Zheng22, Ning70 as follower. There were only four crosses wi th higher yield SCA as compared with Ye478/Ye52106, which means that many traits will be need to be improved in maize breeding in Ningxia. It was also discussed about combining ability and heredity ability and the correlation of the traits and showed that there are very high correlation between the combining ability of yield and ear length, ear thickness and rows per ear. It was suggested that row s per ear and seeds per row should be main traits to select elite inbred lines a nd direct-selecting to yield might be less effective in return.