辣根等十字花科蔬菜中硫甙水解产物异硫氰酸酯的生物活性

THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE HYDROLYTES (ISOTHIOCYANATES) OF GLUCOSINOLATES IN HORSERADISH AND CRUCIFEROUS VEGETABLES

流行病学研究表明辣根及其它十字花科蔬菜(CFV)具有抗癌症和肿瘤的作用。研究表明CFV中硫甙的水解产物异硫氰酸酯(ITCs)具有高度的生物活性,是CFV是最主要的抗癌活性成分。ITCs能够有效的防止饮食中的多种致癌物如多环芳烃、杂环胺和亚硝胺所引起的DNA损伤和癌症。其机制是通过抑制I相还原酶活性和诱导II相酶的产生来解毒和加速致癌物的排泄。同时,ITCs还具有如杀菌、抑制血小板聚集等许多生物活性。但高剂量的ITCs也具有基因毒性,可能引起哺乳动物细胞姐妹染色体交换和染色体失常,从而引起突变和致癌。

Epidemiological studies give evidence to prove that Cruciferous vegetables(CFV) have anticancer and antitumor effects. The related investigation has indicated that the hydrolytes of glucosinolates existed in horseradish and the other CFV, isothiocyanates(ITCs) show high biological activities. ITCs can prevent from DNA-damage and cancer caused by some dietary carcinogens such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heterocyclic amines and nitrosamines. The molecular mechanism is the inhibition of phase I enzymes and induction of phase II enzymes. In addition, ITCs also have anti-bacterial, inhibit the platelet aggregation and so on. But high intake dose of ITCs will bring on genotoxic effects and cause sister chromatid exchanges and chromosomal aberrations in mammalian cells.