蒙古全新世气候变化研究进展

THE STUDIES OF HOLOCENE CLIMATE CHANGES IN MONGOLIA: A REVIEW

简要地回顾了蒙古全新世气候变化研究。蒙古全新世气候变化研究侧重于对树轮、风成沉积和湖泊沉积物的研究。蒙古的树轮研究恢复了杭爱山(Hangai)地区过去 1 783年以来的温度变化及蒙古中东部地区过去 340多年以来的降水和径流量变化。蒙古全新世风成沉积主要分布在蒙古北部的走廊地带,全新世古土壤的层数可以和中国北方地区的古土壤层数对比。蒙古的湖泊研究显示蒙古全新世气候演化存在 2种模式,即冷干—暖湿型和冷湿—暖干型,这 2种模式以杭爱山为分界线。这说明蒙古全新世气候变化的复杂性,其水汽来源和水热组合存在差异。迄今为止,蒙古全新世气候变化的研究仍较薄弱,有待进一步加强研究。

This article has a brief review on Holocene climate changes in Mongolia. The studies of Mongolian Holocene climate changes mainly focused on the records of tree-rings, eolian sediments and lacustrine sediments. (1 783) years of temperature variability were inferred from tree-ring widths of Siberian pine at Hangai Mountain and about 340 years of precipitation and stream flow variability were reconstructed according to the data of tree-rings in east-central Mongolia. Eolian strata are distributed in the corridor running from Ulaanbaatar to Lake Baikal. The Holocene paleosols there can be correlated with that in Northern China. According to the studies of lacustrine sediments, there occur two Holocene climatic models, cool-dry/ warm-wetter model and cool-wetter/ warm-dry modelin Mongolia, bordered by Hangai Mountain, suggesting the complex of Mongolian Holocene climate changes. The water resource, combination of water and heat, atmospheric circulation may be different between the north and south of Mongolia. In a word, the studies of Mongolian Holocene climate changes are relatively poor and should be enhanced.