历史上的淮河洪水

Flood in Huaihe Valley Since 1470

2003夏季淮河流域发生了自1991年以来最为严重的洪涝灾害。为了更进一步认识淮河洪水的历史背景,根据史料反演得到的历史上淮河流域洪涝资料以及降水量观测资料分析了1470～2002年该地区的洪涝发生情况。根据淮河流域的洪水在全国范围降水分布和其他地区的关系分类,淮河降水主要有两种类型:第一种是长江淮河型,雨带集中在长江下游,也包括淮河;第二种是华北南部型,降水主要集中在华北南部和淮河。通过分析这两种类型的降水分布与对应的500hPa高度场的关系,得知淮河洪水和大气环流的异常有着紧密的联系,进一步研究洪水发生的规律,了解其形成的大气环流机制将有助于淮河的防洪抗汛工作。

The severest flood ever since 1991 stuck Huaihe valley in the summer of 2003, causing severe damages. In order to provide a better description of Huaihe valley flood's historical scenario, analysis of Huaihe valley flood's variation from 1470 to 2002 is made using precipitation data reconstructed from historical data during the pre-observational period together with the observational precipitation data. According to Huaihe valley flood's pattern compared with the allover precipitation distribution of China, especially its relationship with precipitation in Yangtze River valley and Yellow River valley, the floods of Huaihe valley can be classified to 2 main types. The first type is heavy precipitation in Yangtze River valley and Huaihe valley, rain belt mainly covers Yangtze River valley and extends to Huaihe valley. The second type is heavy precipitation in Yellow River valley and HuaiHe valley. At last the analysis of the 500hPa height fields of the 2 precipitation types is made.