江门市区职业病危害因素种类及分布状况

Investigation on the Hazardous Factors and the Distribution of Occupational Diseases in Jiangmen City

目的为建立江门市区(含蓬江、江海两区)辖内厂企职业病危害因素种类、分布特征及变化趋势等信息网络及职业中毒预警预测系统。方法运用职业病流行病学原理对历年职业卫生监督监测资料和职业健康体检积累的资料、职业病危害项目申报材料及现场调查资料进行整理、分析、统计。结果共有厂企业2400间;行业分布有化工、机械制造等24行业;职业病危害因素48种;危害程度分级Ⅰ级10种(20.83%),主要集中于电镀、化工等行业;Ⅱ级13种(27.08%),主要集中于电池、金属焊割等行业;Ⅲ级13种(20.08%),主要集中于印刷、鞋业、家具油漆等行业;Ⅳ级10种(20.83%),主要集中于化肥、五金行业;接触有毒有害职工总人数250013人(男114138、女135875);暴露时间平均12nh。结论职业病危害因素种类多,分布行业广泛,新的种类不断出现,危害暴露人群基数大,暴露时间长,发生突发性职业中毒危险度较高,应加大预防措施,做好预测预警工作。

[Objective] To investigate the hazardous factors and the distribution of occupational diseases in Jiangmen City and establish a predicting system for information network and occupational poisoning alarm. [Methods]Occupational epidemiological principle was applied in clearing up and analyzing the data collected from occupational hygienic supervision, occupational physical examination and occupational hazardous reports of recent years. [Results] Among the 48 types of occupational hazardous factors found in the investigated 2 400 enterprises, 10 types belonged to grade I (20.83%), which were mainly distributed in electroplating and chemical industries; 13 types belonged to grade II (27.08%), which were mainly concentrated in battery and metal welding industries; 13 types belonged to grade III (20.08%), which were mainly concentrated in printing, shoes-making and furniture painting industries; the rest 10 types belonged to grade IV (20.83%), which mainly centered on fertilizer, hardware industries. The total amount of workers exposed to poisonous elements was 250 013 (male: 114 138; female: 135 875) with an average exposure length of 12n h. [Conclusion] The occupational hazards in Jiangmen were various in kinds and widely distributed in different industries. New types of hazards appear continuously causing a large population under exposure. Preventive measures should be taken and the predicting work should be strengthened.