智力和信息加工

Intelligence and information processing

从脑生物电活动和反应时二方面论述了生物学智力以及它与智商（IQ）的关系。（1）脑生物电活动和智力。主要有三种理论观点。第一是神经效率假设，第二是神经适应性理论，第三是“绳子”模型。这三种理论的共同点是认为脑波反应了人脑智力的信息加工的时间过程。（2）反应时和智力。大量研究表明简单反应时、选择反应时、选择运动时、Hick角斜率、反应时变异性、视觉信息加工速度和短、长期记忆反应时等均与智商有着明显的正（负）相关性。

This paper reviewed biological intelligence from two aspects,and its relation to IQ. (1)Brainwave and intelligence. There are three major theories in this field,namely,the neural efficiency hy-pothesis, Schafer's neural adaptability theory, and Hendrickson's 'string' measure model. However,there is a common ground in them,that is, all of them hold that brain wave reflect the time course of in-formation processing by the brain with respect to intelligence. (2)Reaction time and intelligence. A num-ber of studies indicated that simple reaction time,choice reaction time,choice movement time, the angleof the Hick slope,the variability of RT, inspection time and short-term,long-term memory RT all signif-icantly correlated with IQ either positively or negatively.