不同牧草覆盖枇杷园节肢动物群落的结构和动态

Structure and dynamics of arthropod community in the loquat orchards covered with various pastures

对套种印度豇豆[Vignasinensis(L.)Sari.ex Hassk]、羽叶决明(Chamaecristanictitanscv.Minyin)、圆叶决明(Chamaecristarotundifoliacv.Wynn)、平托花生(Arachispintoicv.Amarillo)4种牧草的枇杷园节肢动物群落进行调查.结果表明:羽叶决明、圆叶决明、平托花生覆盖有利于天敌和中性昆虫的栖息和繁殖,能显著提高果园群落丰富度、多样性和均匀度指数,对优化枇杷园群落结构具有重要作用;印度豇豆覆盖虽能提高果园丰富度和促进天敌增殖,但群落的优势集中度高,多样性和均匀度指数低,植食性害虫类群数量大,生态系统不稳定,潜在一定的生态风险.

Experiments were carried out in the loquat orchards covered with various pasture s such as Vigna sinensis(L.) Sari.ex Hassk, Chamaecrista nictitans cv.M inyi n, Chamaecrista rotundifolia cv.Wynn and Arachis pintoi cv.Amarillo . The results were as follows: the pastures of C. nictitans, C. rotundifolia and A . pintoi were f avorable to inhabiting and reproducing of natural enemies and neutral insects; it could significantly enhance the species, diversity and evenness of arthrop od community; the three pastures could optimize the structure of arthropod commu nity in loquat orchards; the degree of dominance was higher, the indices of div ersity and evenness were lower, and there existed a large amount of phytophagous pests, though the V. sinensis cultivated in the loquat orchard could contr ibute to the richness and natural enemies quantity, compared to the control group. So it implied that the ecosystem of loquat orchard covered with the V .sinensis was unstable and risky.