西部地区农户经济的空间差异及其发展对策

SPATIAL VARIATION IN THE HOUSEHOLD ECONOMY IN WESTERN REGION OF CHINA AND STRATEGIES FOR DEVELOPMENT

西部不同地带生态条件的优劣差异决定了西部地区农户经济的空间差异 ,劣等、中等、优等三类生态条件相应地发育出贫困、温饱、富裕三类群落的农户经济。西部各类农户经济的发展有着不同困难 ,贫困群落农户脱贫面临人口压力大与生态环境脆弱矛盾突出 ,及农户人均财政负担重 ,财政支农能力差的困难 ,已得温饱的农户面临收入与文化素质低、可带动农户从事产业化经营的企业少的困难 ,富裕农户面临生产要素流失严重 ,制度创新滞后的困难。由政府主导 ,以多种手段、方式带动贫困农户脱贫致富 ;扶持建立农业合作经营组织 ,促进已得温饱农户发展农业产业化经营 ;以制度创新推动富裕农户经济的进一步发展 ,是应采取的针对性对策。

The ecological condition differences in the western region of China account for the spatial variation in its household economy. The household economy of poverty-stricken communities is mainly distributed in areas of poor ecological conditions. Poor ecological conditions result in low productivity and profit. The interlamination between poverty and ecological deterioration has fallen into a vicious circle. Greater varieties of new production factors and product makeup are found among households of low-income communities. However, the contract period of land-use is unstable, and the household economy is dualized. The households are developing pluralized trades. The above facts are hindering the development of the community's household economy. Household enterprises are sparsely distributed, which does not form an economy of scale. The major obstacle of their development is that the land property right is beyond transaction.The household economies in West China are confronted with varied difficulties. The poverty-stricken communities, hoping to shake off poverty and become rich, are facing the dilemma of great population pressure and fragile ecological conditions, and other difficulties such as heavy average household taxes and inadequate capacities of financing the rural economy. The low-income households have to deal with problems such as low-income level, poor education, and shortage of enterprises, which can help the households undertaking, industrialized business. The well-off ones have to solve the problems such as severe outflow of production factors from West China, and the lagging reformation of the system in rural areas.Various measures should be taken to respectively enhance the development of different household economies in West China. The potential strategies that we should adopt are as follows: the poor households should shake off poverty by different means with the government's guide and assistance; the low-income households should develop industrialized agricultural business by encouraging and establishing cooperative operation organizations; and the family economy of those well-off households should be enhanced by establishing an innovated system, so as to promote the development of the household economy in the western region of China.