机组行为、时间余量与飞行安全间的关系探讨

INQUIRY INTO MUTUAL RELATION AMONG FLIGHT CREW BEHAVIORS, REMAINING TIME AND FLIGHT SAFETY

探讨机组行为、时间余量与飞行安全间的关系 ,为航空公司的机组训练和避免飞行事故及飞行事故征候的发生提供帮助。利用1 996- 2 0 0 0年中国民用航空总局航空安全办公室下发的“飞行事故、航空地面事故和飞行事故征候统计的通知”中的资料 ,找出因机组行为错误导致的、与解决问题的时间余量关系密切的飞行事故和飞行事故征候案例。与飞行专家进行研讨和分析 ,探求飞行事故及其征候的发生与机组行为和时间余量间的关系。找出了因机组行为错误导致的、与解决问题的时间余量关系密切的飞行事故 1 1起和飞行事故征候 1 33起。其中因机组疏于监控飞机设备和状况、未发现问题存在或未明确所发生的问题的性质而无作为 ,使得解决问题的时间余量为零或接近零 ,从而无时间解决出现的问题 ,导致飞行事故 3起和飞行事故征候 96起 ;因机组发现问题存在并在明确所发生的问题的性质后 ,在一定时间余量内未能突破思维惯性的影响 ,做出了错误的决策 ,未能解决所发现的问题 ,导致飞行事故 8起和飞行事故征候37起。飞行事故和飞行事故征候的发生与机组行为和时间余量的关系是 ,机组行为可以决定时间余量剩余的多少 。

Based oh the statistics provided by the Flight Safety Department of CAAC on the flight and aviation ground accidents and incidents that took place during the five years from 1996 to 2000, the present article has made a series of systematic screening analysis of the possible causes and faults that may lead to such flying disasters. Our research has shown that there may have existed some close relation among the aircraft pilots' improper manipulation and the remaining time for them to cope with the emergency problems. The given discussion and analysis has been made by the authors of this article over the cases with the corresponding flight experts in hoping to inquire into the relations among such factors. Among the 11 flight accidents and 133 flight incidents that had been screened out, 3 flight accidents and 96 flight incidents took place due to the flight crew's failure in monitoring the operating instruments and the aircraft conditions or their failure to detect the faults occurring during the flight. Therefore, it is their improper manipulation that has made them leave little remaining time to take any additional emergency measures to deal with the faults. The other 8 flight accidents and 37 flight incidents took place due to the pilots' failure to make necessary decisions. The above research and analysis shows that, on the one hand, the pilots' behaviors may well decide whether enough remaining time is left for them, on the other hand, the emergency measures that they may take may well be influenced by the remaining time. Furthermore, the two factors may well be crucial to decide if such accidents and incidents can be avoided.