玉门矿区污染黄土中原油的解吸研究

DESORPTION STUDY OF CRUDE OIL IN YUMEN DIGGINGS'S CONTAMINATED LOESS SOILS

用振荡平衡法研究了玉门矿区原油污染黄土中原油的解吸行为 ,测得了解吸常数 ,绘出了解吸等温线。结果表明 ,Freundlich方程可较好地描述黄土中原油的解吸状况 ;黄土中原油的解吸行为受温度、溶液 p H值和表面活性剂的影响 ;温度和 p H值越高 ,原油解吸量越大 ;阴离子表面活性剂的加入有助于原油的解吸 ,在相同条件下使解吸率提高了 5倍 ,阳离子和非离子表面活性剂的加入不利于原油解吸 ,但是阳离子表面活性剂的加入有利于原油在土壤中的截留以及回收再利用。

The present paper aims at bringing about the author's study on the desorption of crude oil in Yumen diggings's contaminated loess soil by using a shake equilibrium method. With the desorption constant and desorption isotherm obtained, the results gained indicate that Freundlich equation is more suitable for the desorption of crude oil in Yumen's case. Since crude oil is hydrophobe, the desorption content in the oil would decrease with the increase of the organism in it. Our study shows that the desorption of crude oil in Yumen's case is evidently affected by the temperature, pH value and the surfactant. The actual testing results indicate that the higher temperature and pH value, the greater the desorption content of the crude oil. With the temperature rising, the density difference goes up in the oil, so is the water that isintributed to the desorption of crude oil. When pH value rises, the surfactant can be made to stimulate the reaction of inorganic alkali to the organic acid in the oil and the inorganic alkali will in turn reciprocally affect the surface of loess soil, which helps to alter the composition and electriferous surface of the said soil. It has been discovered in our experiment that the anion surfactant intributed to the desorption of the oil in Yumen case is able to boost the desorption rate by 5 times as high as that of the original. Since anion surfactant contributes to the increase of the negative potential energy in the oil and soil, it is also beneficial to strengthen the repulsive force of the crude oil and soil, so as to lead to the desorption content increase in the oil. Though the cation and non ionic surfactant cannot be intributed to the desorption, they can be introduced to recycling of crude oil. Due to the affinity of the positive charge of cation surfactant and the negative charge of the soil, non ionic surfactant can not be ionized in water solution for its high stability. To prevent dissoluble matters of crude oil permeating into irrigation or drinking water, it is suggested to make use of cation surfactant to keep such maters in the soil surface for recycling. Thus, the above research can be taken as a contribution to founding a theoretical basis for the remediation of Yumen's contaminated loess soil.