我国部分地区5种重点人群的碘营养调查

A survey on iodine nutrition in 5 groups of target population in China

目的 了解在当前的加碘盐浓度下 ,我国 5种重点人群的碘营养现状。方法 采用一次性点状调查方式 ,选择了 11个省 (市、区 )的城市和农村各 2个调查点 ,调查学龄儿童、育龄妇女、孕妇、哺乳妇女及婴幼儿5种重点人群的尿碘、盐碘、饮水碘、乳汁碘以及检查甲状腺。结果 ① 11个省市居民户的盐碘中位数为 3 1.0mg/kg ,各地的盐碘水平趋于一致 ;②绝大多数居民户的饮水碘含量低于 10 μg/L ,甚至低于 5 μg/L ;③ 11个省市5种重点人群的尿碘中位数均达到了 10 0 μg/L以上 ,其中有 5个省市的学龄儿童尿碘水平位于 10 0 2 0 0 μg/L ,仅有江苏和陕西 2省 >3 0 0 μg/L ;④学龄儿童尿碘不能完全代表其他重点人群的尿碘水平 ,孕妇和哺乳妇女的尿碘普遍偏低 ;⑤哺乳妇女的乳汁碘含量达到了 10 0 2 0 0 μg/L的适宜水平。 结论 ①当前的加碘盐碘浓度对于大多数省 (市、区 )是适宜的 ,城市和农村的 5种重点人群的碘营养状况基本处于良好和适宜水平 ,不存在碘过量问题 ;②孕妇及哺乳妇女的尿碘水平偏低 ,她们是否存在碘缺乏纠正不足的危险性应引起关注 ;③由于盐业生产已明显提高了加碘均匀度 。

Objective To investigate the iodine nutritional status of the target populations in China under the current level of iodine in salt of 35±15(20~50)mg/kg.Methods 'Spot checking' was used for this survey, and 5 groups of target population including school children, child beard aged women, pregnant and lactating women and infants were investigated from urban and rural areas of 11 provinces.Results ①The median level of iodine in salt at household was 31.0 mg/kg, and the iodine in drinking water was less than 10 μg/L or even less than 5 μg/L;②The median levels of urine iodine in all groups of target population were more than 100 μg/L, but significant differences were found among 5 group people. The urine iodine in pregnant and lactating women was lowest than others. The milk iodine from lactating women, however, was averagely 145.7 μg/L in the normal range.Conclusions The results demonstrated that current iodine nutritional status was basically adequate and satisfied in all groups of target people, and the iodine level in salt appeared suitable to meet the iodine needs for almost people in China now. But the lower level of urine iodine in pregnant and lactating women reminded us that whether iodine deficiency was not well corrected in these two groups of special people.