从“九天”说看扬雄“文必艰深”论

Analyzing YANG Xiong's "Article Should be Abstruse" Theory through His "Jiu Tian" Theory

“九天”说是扬雄以玄为本的哲学思想的重要组成部分 ,它对扬雄哲学思想乃至文学思想的形成在整体上起着指导性的作用 ;而“文必艰深”论则是扬雄重要的文学思想之一 ,自宋人苏轼对之作了严厉的批评之后 ,历代批评家大都对它持一种否定的态度。但很少有人从扬雄思想的整体特征出发对之作认真的分析 ,更没有人把“九天”说与“文必艰深”论联系起来加以考察。笔者认为扬雄“文必艰深”论本是建立在“九天”说的基础上 ,并与尚文的时代审美追求相一致 ,故在理论上有一定的合理性 ,而并非一无是处 。

Jiu Tian' theory is an essential part of YANG Xiong's philosophy .It plays a central and guiding role in the formation of his philosophical and literary thought. 'article should be abstruse' is one of Yang Xiong's most important literary thoughts. Ever since the Song Dynasty, when Su Shi severely criticized his theory ,most critics throughout history have taken a negative attitude toward it. No scholars had done a thorough analysis based on the general characteristics of his philosophies. There have been even fewer people,if not at all , who have examined his theories on 'Jiu Tian' and 'article should be abstruse' in combination. The author thinks that YANG Xiong's 'Jiu Tian' idea actually serves as the foundation for his 'article should be abstruse ' theory, and that at the same time the theory is consistent with prevailing aesthetic standards of that time.It is therefore,a reasonable philosophy in theory and the critics ' total negation of it since its inception has been unscientific and unwarranted.