微波辐射对有机合成反应的促进作用

A review on organic reactions enhanced by microwave irradiation

微波辐射作为一种非传统能量来源作用于有机化学反应中已成为一项非常有用并受欢迎的技术。微波辐射有很高的加热效率,因此,在某些反应中可显著增加反应速率,大大缩短反应时间。近年来在有机合成领域中,已有许多应用微波电介质加热效果的例子报道。同时,非热效应改变反应的动力学性质,降低反应的活化能,从而对有机化学反应具有较强的促进作用。本工作综述了微波对有机合成反应的促进作用的最新研究进展并探讨了微波的作用机理。

The application of microwave irradiation as a new kind of energy source for activation of reactions has become a popular and useful technology in organic chemistry. The high heating efficiency of microwaves brings, in many cases, marked increase of the reaction rate and dramatic reduction of the reaction time. Many studies in the past decade on organic synthesis by microwave irradiations showed that this was because of dielectric heating effects of microwaves, while some other studies suggested that non-thermal effects of microwaves could change the reaction dynamics and decrease activation energy of organic reactions. The paper reviews recent progresses in the enhance- ment of microwave to organic reactions and the reaction mechanisms.