中国居民财产分布不均等及其原因的经验分析

Empirical Analysis on the Inequality and the Reason of China Residents' Property Distribution

使用中国社会科学院经济研究所收入分配课题组1995年和2002年调查数据,本文对中国居民财产分布的不均等情况进行了描述,对这一不均等状况进行了分析。本文发现,中国居民的财产分布差距出现了快速而且明显扩大的趋势,这一扩大的趋势主要来自于城乡之间差距的急剧拉大。其中,城镇公有住房的私有化过程既造成了此间城镇财产差距的缩小,同时又扩大了城乡之间乃至全国财产的收入差距;而随着土地收益的下降,土地价值在农村居民财产总值中相对份额降低,造成其原本具有的缩小全国财产差距的作用减弱。另外,本文还认为,居民的金融资产对总财产分布不平等的推动作用将会进一步增强。

Based on 1995 and 2002 income distribution dataset implemented by the institute of economics, CASS.The inequality of China residents' property distribution is described in the paper along with empirical analysis.The main finding of the paper is that,the inequality of residents' property distribution was rapidly and obviously enlarged during this period,this process can be explained mainly by the gap between rural and urban area.By decomposition analysis,we found that the privatization of urban public owned house reduced the inequality of urban residents' property distribution, while it enlarged the gap between urban and rural area and China as a whole as well; by the decreasing of land revenue, the relative share of land value in rural residents' property declined,also weakening its original function on reducing nationwide property differences.Besides, we also concludes that,the concentration of residents' financial assets will enhanced the inequality of nationwide property distribution in the future.