ABB式叠词的内部结构分析

The inner structure analysis on reduplicated Chinese words in form of ABB

ABB式叠词所涵盖的词性范围较广,其中以形容词为最多。本文根据形式和意义两个方面的标准,把ABB叠词可以分为两种类型三个层次。两种类型是复合词和派生词。复合词中又可分为构形复合与构词复合;构词复合可以再分为以A为中心和以BB为中心。这样形成三个层次。复合词中的A与B或A与BB都是可以单用的,具有词资格。它们之间通过不同的语法关系相联系。构形复合词的内部结构形式可以记为“((A+B)﹄B)”,词尾B是附着于基词的叠音,与词义无关,不过有一定的语法意义。所以,严格的说,构形复合词应该叫做复合派生词。构词复合词的内部结构形式可以记为“(A+(B+B))”,其中的A和都有单用的资格。派生词的内部结构可以记为“(A﹄(B+B))”,其中的BB是纯粹的音的重叠。它与词中A的关系是依附关系。

This is a research report that is based on the statistics of 494 reduplicated Chinese words in a form of ABB. The research is mainly concerned with the formation of the ABB words. It shows the ABB words may fall into two types: compounds and derivatives according to their inner structures. Under the compounds there are two subtypes: compound with an inflection suffix and complete compound. The structure of a compound with an inflection suffix can be described as “((A+B)﹄B)”, which means the combination of A and B forms a single word, and the second B is the reduplication of the first which adds some grammatical meaning to the base AB. The base carries the word meaning of the whole. The formation of a complete compound ABB is quite different, which can described as “(A+(B+B))”.It means that both A and BB may be used in this formation are free morphemes. So the word meaning is sometimes carried by A, sometimes by BB. Derivative ABB reduplications are formed in a way like “(A﹄(B+B))”. In a derivative ABB word, A is a free morpheme, and the reduplication of BB is a bound one. Therefore, A is the center of the word meaning with BB expressing a certain rhetorical meaning.