以人的真实存在为善的指向——斯宾诺莎善恶观探讨

Taking Real Human Existence as Good's Aim ——A Tentative Account of Spinoza's View of Good and Bad

斯宾诺莎以自然为人生善的终极背景,从建构理想人格观念出发,论证善、恶何以必要;以是否有利于人的自我保存作为判断善、恶的标准,最终以人的真实存在作为善的指向;把获得关于自然的知识视为人生的至善,体现着求真与向善、知识与道德的统一。

Spinoza's giving reason for existence of good and bad was to form an idea of man as an ideal type of human providing that nature was ultimate setting of life's good. Spinoza judged good or bad according to the standard whether it was in favor of human preserving his own being or not and took real human existence as good's aim. Spinoza thought highest good was to obtain knowledge on nature ,which indicated seeking for truth equated seeking for good, knowledge equated virtue.