兔创伤性肢体深静脉血栓模型中的组织学观察

Histological Observation on Traumatic Deep Venous Thrombosis in Rabbit Limbs

目的:用光镜在兔创伤性肢体深静脉血栓形成过程中,对血栓及血管内膜、内皮细胞的病理形态变化进行观察.方法:将120只新西兰大白兔随机分为骨折固定组、创伤固定组、单纯固定组和空白对照组,骨折固定组和创伤固定组分别造成不同程度损伤,光镜观察不同时相点兔股静脉血栓形成情况及血管内膜、内皮细胞变化.结果:创伤固定组7d时血栓发生率80%;骨折固定组、创伤固定组可见静脉内膜损伤、内皮细胞剥脱、内皮下层裸露、血管壁炎性细胞浸润,股动脉内未见血栓;9d时部分血栓纤维化,部分新生血管内皮细胞形成迷路状可互相沟通的管道,血管再通.单纯固定组内膜和内皮细胞基本正常,仅见少数静脉内有不完全血栓存在.结论:兔创伤性股静脉血栓形成与静脉内膜及内皮细胞损伤有关.

Objective: In the process of traumatic deep venous thrombosis in rabbit limbs, to observe thrombus and the pathologic changes of venous endothelium and endothelial cell through light microscope. Methods: 120 New Zealand white rabbits were divided randomly into 4 groups: Fracture with fixation, trauma with fixation, only fixation and control groups. The degrees of injuries were different in groups of fracture with fixation and trauma with fixation, and all 4 groups were immobilized with plaster. Then to observe thrombus and the changes of vascular endothelium and venous endothelial cell through light microscope at different phases. Results: In group of trauma with fixation, on the 7th day, the incidence of thrombosis was 80%. In groups of fracture with fixation and trauma with fixation, venous endomembrane injury, endothelial cell breaking off, the underlayer of vascular endomembrane uncovering and inflammatory infiltration could be detected. At the same time, there was no thrombosis could be found in femoral artery. On the 9th day, some thrombus occurred fibrosis and some rebirth vascular endothelium formed passageway to contact each other so as to repass blood vessels. In the control group, the venous endomembrane and endothelium cell were normal, only minority of them occurred incomplete thrombosis. Conclusion: Rabbit traumatic femoral thrombosis is related to the injury of endothelial cell.