黑龙江省东部山区红车轴草(Trifolium pratense L.)种内变异类型的研究

BIOSYSTEMATIES OF TRIFOLIUM PRATENSE L.IN THE EAST MOUNTAINS IN HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE, CHINA

红车轴草原产欧洲,1912年引入我国,作为优良牧草广为栽培利用。由于该种种内变异颇大,在分类学上种内分类群的划分非常困难。本文对黑龙江省东部山区分布的红车轴草进行了种内综合研究,以期对该种种内变异类型的起源和演化趋势提供一些参考性意见。

The varied types of Trifolium pratense L. distributed in the east mountains in Heilongjiang Province were studied in this paper. A few parts were read as follows:1. The investigation in the wild fields and the observation in the experimental field.There were six varied features investigated in the wild field. (1) white marks on leaflet's surface (first type has nothing on leaflet's suface, second type has a ∧-shape white mark on every leaflet's surface, third type has lozenged mark on every leafleat's surface) (2) pedunculated length. (3) floral colour (4) testa colour (5) floral bud colour (6) Calyx colour. These features could reappear under the cultivated condition.2. Chromosome, pollen size and Stamotal Complex. The same chromosome numbers as others were observed. There were obivous differences among three leaflet types in pollen size aad stamotal complex.3. Numerical analysis of specimen101 specimens from four populations were used as OTU'S and were analysised by means of numerical method. They were divided into seven sections. The relationships among these section were discussed.4. Isoenzyme chemistry of varied leaflet's types.There were obivous differences among three varied types in esteraes and superoxidase iosenzyme.Finally, author summarized that the evolutionary sequence of leaflet of Trifolium pratense L. might be no white mark→∧-shape white mark→lozenged white mark and that the varietes of Trifolium pratense L. followed: var. evariegatum; var. variegatum; var. alpinum; var. sativum; var. pnatense and var. maritimum.