前、后联合入路全脊椎切除附加内固定治疗颈椎骨肿瘤39例报告

The study of total spondylectomy in the treatment of cervical spinal tumors

目的探讨对颈椎骨肿瘤采用前后联合入路全脊椎切除、内固定重建技术的疗效及其预后。方法1998年10月至2003年10月,对39例颈椎(C3～7)骨肿瘤患者实施全脊柱切除术。其中原发性骨肿瘤34例,包括骨巨细胞瘤14例,浆细胞瘤6例,神经鞘瘤(侵及椎体)1例,软骨肉瘤4例,骨母细胞瘤4例,恶性神经鞘瘤2例,动脉瘤样骨囊肿2例,脊索瘤1例;转移性肿瘤5例,原发灶来源于甲状腺癌、前列腺癌各2例,肺癌1例。经前后联合入路行单椎节切除29例、双椎节切除7例、3个椎节切除3例。经一期或二期前后联合入路行肿瘤切除与内固定重建。前路采用钛网植骨加AO、Orion、Zephir或者Codman等带锁钢板内固定,后路Cervifix、AXIS内固定重建。结果术后随访6个月至5年,绝大多数患者术后近期疗效较满意,局部疼痛和神经症状均有不同程度改善或缓解,19例脊髓神经功能完全恢复。1例术后出现一过性瘫痪加重,1例恶性神经鞘瘤术后1年局部复发,1例转移癌患者于术后25个月因全身衰竭死亡。结论全脊椎切除能显著降低颈椎原发性骨肿瘤局部复发率,改善脊髓神经功能,提高手术疗效。

Objective To study the surgical indications, approaches and the clinical results of the total spondylectomy and instrumentation reconstruction in the treatment of cervical spinal tumor. Methods( From October) 1998 to October 2003, 39 patients with lower cervical bone tumors, including 34 cases with primary tumor and 5 cases with metastatic tumor, were admitted and operated on with total spondylectomy. The patients underwent anteroposterior total spondylectomy including anterior cervical plating, titanium mesh reconstruction and posterior instrumentation based on the location of tumor lesions in the lower cervical spine. One vertebral level total spondylectomy was performed in 29 cases, two level in 7 cases and three level in 3 cases. Results The postoperative follow-up ranged from 6 months to 4 years. A majority of patients achieved good results postoperatively. Nineteen cases had complete relief of neurological status. One patient died of multiple metastases and systemic failure 24 months later. One case with malignant neurilemmoma developed local recurrence one year postoperatively. Conclusion Anteroposterior total spondylectomy and reconstruction can reduce local recurrence, improve neurological function and increase operation therapeutic effect. Meanwhile, the technique of cervical total spondylectomy carries relatively greater risks and should be more attention to the operation indication.