拉曼光谱仪

Raman spectroscopy

绪论:当一束光照射到物质上时会形成反射,散射,吸收,透射,折射等现象。通过分析这些现象的光谱,我们可以得到有关这个物质方面的信息。拉曼光谱仪是利用分析物质散射出来的拉曼光谱而了解被测量物信息的一种光学检测仪器。当光照射物质时,物质里的电子被激发到激发态,而后电子又从激发态迅速返回基态,并辐射出弹性散射与非弹性散射光谱,其中弹性散射是瑞利散射,非弹性散射是拉曼散射。拉曼散射导致了以分子震动为形式的能量转移,并且改变了波长,因此拉曼散射的波长与入射光波长不同。而瑞利散射的波长与入射波长相同。

Introduction: When a beam is incident on material, reflection, scattering, absorption, transmitting, refraction, etc. are formed. From analyzing the spectra of these phenomena, the information of the material can be obtained. Raman spectroscopy is an optical detecting equipment that depends on analysis of the Raman spectrum from material to know the information. When the light is incident on the material, electrons are excited to an excited state, from which it rapidly returns to the electronic ground state, meanwhile there are inelastic light scattering and elastic light scattering. And the inelastic scattering is Raman scattering, the elastic scattering is Rayleigh scattering. The Raman scattering causes an energy transfer in the form of molecular vibrations, and causes the wavelength to change, so the scattered wavelength is different to that of the incoming wavelength. But the wavelength of the Rayleigh scattering is the same as the incoming wavelength.