苏联法制建设的失误与教训

Second Study of the Construction of Legal System in Soviet Union

存在了七十多年的苏联在短短的时间内土崩瓦解 ,其法制建设上的失误是重要原因。斯大林至勃列日涅夫时期的失误埋下了国家分裂的种子 ,戈尔巴乔夫时期的失误则提供了适宜的土壤。这些失误留给我们的深刻教训在于 :政治权力的行使必须纳入法制化轨道 ,国家的稳定才不致因领导者个人的去留而发生动摇 ;共产党的活动必须局限于宪法和法律的范围以内 ,不能允许任何党员有超越于宪法和法律之上的特权 ;法律文化建设必须作为一项战略性任务予以高度重视 ,以促进全民族的法制文明尽早实现。

Soviet Union, having existed for more than 70 years, fell apart in a short time. One of important reasons for collapse is that Soviet Union made some mistakes in construction of legal system. The mistakes from Stalin to Brezhnev got Soviet Union into latent trouble, and the Federation finally separated during Gorbachev times due to his mistakes. We can draw useful lessons from these mistakes: the political rights should brought into legalized orbit so that the state can not go into confusion in case the leaders drop the reins of government; the movement of the Communist Party should be restricted within limits of the constitution and the laws, and every party member be not an exception; the government should think much of the legal culture being a strategic task so that legal civilization of the nation come true as early as possible.