西部生态环境问题及对策建议

Eco-Environmental Problems in Western China and the Countermeasure Suggestions

研究表明,西部地区生态环境问题主要表现在:①生态环境主要组成要素问题突出,表现在植被衰退、土地退化没有得到根本性控制,水环境问题突出,生态用水不能得到保障;②生态系统的生产功能、调节功能和生物多样性维持功能等服务功能下降;③生命支持系统受到威胁,生态破坏造成巨大经济损失,区域社会可持续发展支撑能力受到削弱。建议:西部地区应改变目前单要素、分割式的生态保护和建设思想,采取生态系统管理方式,树立预防为主、保护优先、防治结合的指导思想,加强重点生态功能区建设,开展区域生态保护研究,增加生态保护资金投入,建立生态补偿机制。

According to researches, the main eco-environment problems in Western China could be described as follows. ① Ecological factors were threatened, manifest in vegetation decline, land degradation, water pollution and shortage of ecological water requirement. ② The ecosystem service function, such as production function, regulatory function and biological diversity maintenance function, declined. ③ Carrying capacity for social and economic development was weakened; the economy suffered enormous losses due to ecological deterioration. It is suggested that, to protect and rehabilitate the ecological environment in Western China, ecosystem management fashion should be adopted, important ecological function areas should be protected in priority, the funds for the ecosystem protection should be increased, and the ecological compensation mechanism should be established.