中国草地主要生态环境问题分析与防治对策

Analysis of Main Ecological Problems of Grasslands and Relevant Countermeasures in China

采用20世纪80—90年代的文献资料及调研数据,分析了我国草地主要生态环境问题。结果表明:我国退化草地、鼠害草地面积呈不断扩大趋势,10年间我国西部主要牧区退化草地面积与鼠害草地面积分别增加了529 1×104和1437 5×104hm2;草地质量持续下降,生态承载力降低,超载现象越来越严重;草地生态功能下降,沙化草地已成为重要的沙尘源区。在此基础上,提出了从全流域(区域)的角度进行草地退化治理、紧急启动区域性的草地生态环境保护规划、改变草地生态保护资金投入机制、改善人与自然的关系等我国草地生态环境退化的根本性防治措施。

Using the data of from 1980's to 1990's, the main ecological problems of grasslands in China are analysed. The results show: the area of degraded grasslands and rat-harmed grasslands is increasing, and there is an increase of about 529.1×10~4 hm^2 of degraded grasslands and (1 437 5×)10~4 hm^2 of rat-harmed grasslands in main areas of western China during last 10 years. The quality of grasslands is dropping continuously; the ecological carrying ability of grasslands is also declining, and grassland overgrazing is getting more and more serious; the ecological function of grasslands is falling and the sandy grasslands become the main sources of sand sandstorm. Based on the analysis, some exploratory countermeasures, including controlling the degradation of grasslands from a complete drainage basin, initiating instantly a regional eco-environment protection planning, changing the investment mechanism of eco-environment protection of grasslands and improving the relationship between nature and mankind, to control the degeneration of grassland are pointed out.