大学生毕业前心身障碍及其个性特征研究

Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Personality Traits of University Students Before Graduation

目的探讨大学毕业生心身障碍的患病情况及其个性特征,为针对高校毕业生的健康教育提供依据。方法按不同专业分层抽样,采用中国心身健康量表(CPSHS)和艾森克个性问卷(EPQ),在毕业前对457例大学生进行测试。以CPSHS各因子至少有1项T分≥70和L量表T分<70为心身障碍的筛查标准。结果457例中符合心身障碍诊断标准者62例,占13.6%,且女生的检出率(20.13%)较男生高出1倍(10.26%),并以皮肤疾病的检出率最高(5.0%),其余依次为呼吸系统(3.7%)、神经系统(3.5%)、焦虑(2.8%)、消化系统(2.6%)、生殖内分泌(2.4%)和精神病性(2.4%)等;心身障碍组EPQ的精神病质和神经质分均显著高于正常对照组(P<0.01),并有较低的掩饰分(P<0.01);神经质与焦虑、抑郁、精神病性、神经系统、生殖内分泌系统、呼吸系统和心血管系统有显著相关性(r=0.306～0.755);精神病质与精神病性症状、焦虑、生殖内分泌、抑郁、呼吸系统和消化系统呈显著正相关(r=0.251～0.748);内外向和掩饰均与精神病性症状呈显著负相关(r=-0.256和-0.424)。结论在大学毕业生中,女生比男生更易出现各种心身障碍,心身障碍的大学毕业生具有明显的个性缺陷,其中神经质和精神病质与心身障碍的关系最密切。

Objective To explore the prevalence of psychosomatic disorders and their personality disorders among university students before graduation and to provide basis for undergraduates' health education. Methods Four hundred and fifty-seven students were cluster sampled according to majors. The diagnosis criteria of psychosomatic disorder include both T score of one factor of CPSHS≥70 and T score of L<70. Results Among 457 students, 62 (13.6%) were diagnosed as psychosomatic disorders. The prevalence for female students (20.13%) was twice as high as male (10.26%). The leading psychosomatic disorders were dermatosis (5.0%), respiratory system diseases (3.7%), nervous system (3.5%), anxiety(2.8%), digestive system diseases (2.6%), endocrine and generation (2.4%) and psychosis (2.4%). Scores of EPQ-P and EPQ-N for students with psychosomatic disorders were significantly higher than healthy control, but score in lie (EPQ-L) was lower than control (both P<0.01). EPQ-N was positively correlated to anxiety, depression, psychiatric symptom, nervous system, genital and endocrine system, respiratory system and cardiovascular system(r=0.306-0.755). EPQ-P was positively correlated to psychiatric symptom, anxiety, genital and endocrine system, depression, respiratory system and digestive system (r=0.251-0.748). Introversion, extroversion and EPQ-L were negatively correlated to psychiatric symptom(r=-0.256,r=-0.424). Conclusion Female college students have more psychosomatic disorders than male before graduation. The college students with psychosomatic disorders have obvious personality deficiency. EPQ-P and EPQ-N are closely related to psychosomatic disorder.