大鼠吸入贫铀气溶胶后主要器官的病理损伤特点

Characteristic Pathological Changes of Main Organs of Rats after Inhalation of Depleted Uranium Aerosol

目的探讨大鼠吸入贫铀(DU)气溶胶后主要器官的病理和形态计量学改变,为贫铀武器损伤及其医学防护提供线索。方法用常规病理技术和形态计量学方法观察了大鼠吸入DU气溶胶后1-14个月肺、肾、脾、肝、脑等组织病理和形态计量学改变。结果吸入DU气溶胶后,部分大鼠发生肺实质内淋巴细胞浸润、严重支气管炎、肺出血、脓肿;部分大鼠肾皮质肾小管、肾乳头小管明显扩张;皮质、髓质和乳头肾小管中出现管型和间质出血;脾组织的白髓面积减少,巨核细胞的细胞数及核分裂相减少。且随吸入后时间延长或吸入剂量增高,肺、肾、脾组织病变发生率及病变程度均呈现增高的趋势。脑、肝组织未见明显病理改变。结论大鼠吸入贫铀气溶胶对肺、肾、脾组织有明显的损伤作用。

Objective To explore the pathological and morphometric alteration of main organs of rat after inhalation of depleted uranium (DU) aerosole in order to provide information for medical protection against DU weapons. Methods Routine pathological technique and morphometric measurements were used to observe histopathological and morphological changes in lung, kidney, spleen, liver, brain of rats 1～14 months after inhalation of DU aerosol. Results After inhalaion of DU aerosol, lymphocytic infiltration in the pulmonary parenchyma, serious bronchitis, pulmonary hemorrhage and abscess formation were seen in some of the rats; distinct dilatation of tubules in renal cortex and papillae, casts in some tubules of the cortex, medulla and papillae, and interstitial hemorrhage were found in some other rats; deminution of the area of splenic white pulp,reduction of megakaryocytic mitosis were also observed. the incidence and severity of above changes in the lung and kidney, but not in the liver and brain, showed dependance on the length of time after inhalation or the dose of DU inhaled. Conclusion There are evident injurious effects on rat lung, kidney and spleen by inhalation of DU aerosol.