巴人起源地综考

Research on the Origin Land of the Ba

目前学术界对巴人起源地问题歧见丛生。本文在清理已有见解的脉络后 ,试图在典籍与考古的二重证据之外 ,综合采风得来的语言学、民俗学、民族学的第三重证据 ,对巴人起源地作一综合考察。本文以古代巴人后裔——现代土家族为主要研究起点。其语言 ,属藏缅语族 ,形成于西部 ;其民俗——灵物、色尚、舞蹈、神话传说——亦与西部民族相似 ;考古与文献证据也说明古代巴人与西部联系更密切。因而 ,本文得出结论 :早期巴人是西部民族 ,起源于汉水上游与嘉陵江上游 ,并于春秋中期以后推进至峡江地区 ,于春秋、战国之际到达清江流域。

Scholars have different opinions about the origin la nd of the Ba(巴人). Based on the present views, the thesis uses the references not only from the ancient books and archaeology, but also from linguistics, folklore and ethnology. The thesis studies the Tujia ethnic group, who is the descendant of the Ba, and finds that: their language belongs to Tibet-Burma linguistic subfamily, their customs——spiritual beings, color style, dance and mythical legend——are simil ar to western ethnic groups. What's more, evidences about the Ba coming from the west can also be found in the ancient books and archaeology. Therefore, it make s the conclusion: the ancient Ba was one of western nationalities, originating from the upper reaches of Han River and Jialing River. They moved to the Three G orges not earlier than the middle Period of Spring and Autumn, and arrived in Qi ngjiang River drainage area not earlier than 476 B.C.