湖南省近十年狂犬病流行情况分析

Analysis on the epidemiology of rabies in Hunan province in the past 10 years

目的分析湖南省近年来狂犬病疫情上升的原因。方法结合疫情报告资料和现场流行病学调查资料进行分析。结果近10年湖南省狂犬病疫情经过平稳期、缓慢增长期、快速增长期。报告病例数在2001、2002年均为全国报告病例的首位,分别占全国总发病数的34.8%和30.0%。发病区域主要集中在湘南和湘中地区,并呈不断扩大的趋势,由1999年的7个地市扩展到2003年12个地市有报告病例。结论居民犬饲养量大,免疫率低,是造成人狂犬病疫情上升的主要原因。另外,暴露后未能进行及时正确的预防处理是狂犬病疫情上升的另一重要原因。

Objective To explore the possible factors causing the inerease of rabies cases and to provide references for the development of related prevention and control strategy in Hunan. Methods Data was collected and analyzed on epidemic situation of rabies in the past ten years,and studies were carried in some counties.Results From 1994 to 1999,the annual cases sustained between 17 and 78. However,the number of cases has continued to increase since 2000. The annual reported cases in 2001 and 2002 were 311 and 313,and accounted for 34.8% and 30.0% of the total cases in the whole country respectively. The epidemic areas were mainly located in the south and middle parts of Hunan. Furthermore,the epidemic areas had been expanding. In 1997,human rabies cases were only reported in 7 cities but increased to 12 cities in 2004. Conclusion Factors as increasing number but low inoculating rate to dogs,and incorrect treatment on the wounds etc. might have served important roles for the recurrence of rabies. Hence, it is necessary to take comprehensive preventive measures to control and prevent the epidemics of rabies in Hunan.