北方半干旱集雨补灌旱作区节水农业发展模式

Developing models on water-saving agriculture through rainwater harvesting for supplemental irrigation in northern China semi-arid region.

内蒙古准格尔旗集雨补灌旱作节水农业示范区地处黄土高原北部砒砂岩区,是我国水土流失最严重地区之一,集雨补灌是缓解当地干旱缺水的唯一途径.目前该区很多地方雨水收集利用缺乏整体研究,工程规划和生产布局有一定盲目性.在分析准格尔旗示范区生态、经济、社会等条件的基础上,总结出以集雨补灌为中心的旱作增产技术体系,确定了集雨高效种植型、集雨生态畜牧型和庭院集雨经济型3种模式,提出了示范区雨水综合利用需水量标准,并对3种模式在示范区运行3年来的经济、社会和生态效果进行了评价.

Zhungeer of Inner Mongolia,an arsenic-bearing sandstone area of northern Loess Plateau,is one of the sites with most serious soil and water losses in China,while rainwater harvesting (RWH) for supplemental irrigation is the only approach to abate droughts in this region.In the ongoing water saving agriculture project,a national 863 project of China,Zhungeer was chosen as a demonstration zone of water-saving dryland agriculture through rainwater harvesting for supplemental irrigation in northern China semi-arid region.The traditional RWH and utilization lacks of holistic consideration,resulting in the blindness in engineering planning and production arrangement.Based on the analysis of the ecological,economic and societal conditions in the demonstration zone,this paper summarized the technological system of dryland cropping production centered on RWH for supplemental irrigation,and developed three models of RWH and highly effective crop-planting,RWH and ecological pasturing,and domestic RWH and economy.The water demand standards for integrative rainwater utilization in the demonstration zone were determined,and the ecological and socio-economic assessment on the three years implement effects of the models was conducted.