中国已婚育龄妇女产前保健服务研究

Study on prenatal care services of married childbearing women in China

目的:分析我国已婚育龄妇女产前保健服务状况及其变化。方法:利用《1997年全国人口与生殖健康调查》和《2001年全国计划生育/生殖健康调查》两次调查资料,采用STAT/TRASFER软件转换数据库,经过变量重新设置,连接两次调查的数据库,用SAS8.02软件对数据进行统计分析。结果:①与1997年调查前3年相比,2001年调查前3年育龄妇女的产前检查率增加较小。②1998～2000年间,95%以上城镇妇女接受产前保健服务,76%的农村妇女接受产前检查。③1998～2000年间,西部地区妇女中,超过1/3不做产前检查。西部地区以农村、少数民族、文化程度低的妇女产前保健最为薄弱。西部地区农村产前检查率远低于全国农村的平均水平。④少数民族育龄妇女的产前检查率明显低于汉族育龄妇女;随着文化程度和经济收入的增加育龄妇女对产前保健服务的利用增加。文盲妇女、经济收入低的妇女产前检查率极低。结论:我国产前保健服务状况发展极不平衡,西部地区农村的产前保健服务急待提高。需加强对西部地区和弱势育龄妇女产前保健服务的支持力度。对西部农村妇女,特别是少数民族,文化程度低、经济条件差的妇女应实施财政补贴政策。

Objective:To analyze the status and changes of prenatal were servios of married childbearing women in China.Methods:The data from 1997 NDRHS and 2001 NDRHS were analyzed by STAT/TRASFER and SAS 8.02 softwares.Results:①A little rise was observed in the rate of women who received prenatal examinations during the three years prior to the 2001 survey compared with that of the 1997 survey.②More than 95% of urban women received prenatal care services during 1998 to 2000, the proportion of rural women who received prenatal examinations was 76%.③During 1998 to 2000, more than one-third of women in the west region did not receive any prenatal examinations and the situation of prenatal care services provided among rural, less educated, and minority women were especially poor. The proportion of women who received prenatal care services in the western rural areas was much lower than the national average level of rural area.④Women of minority ethnic groups were much less likely to attend prenatal care services than Han women. Women tended to make better use of prenatal care services with the rise of their educational level and family income. Women who were illiterate or women with low income seldom sought prenatal examination.Conclusion:A great disparity of prenatal care services existed in different areas,and there is an urgent need to improve prenatal care services in rural areas of western China. More extensive efforts should be made to enhance prenatal care services for the western region,especially the vulnerable groups.Appropriate policies on financial assistance should be made for women in rural areas of western, especially from minority ethnic groups, with low education level or poor economic conditions.