上海部分幼儿生长和健康趋势调查分析

Analysis on development and health investigations of the partial young children in Shanghai

目的:了解目前幼儿生长、营养与健康发育状况,探讨不同经济发展区域幼儿生长变化中的异同。方法:对上海市区及城乡结合区域4所幼儿园的集居幼儿及其家长进行问卷调查,就其生长发育趋势、早期营养及喂养方式、饮食习惯和早餐主要饮食结构、目前存在主要健康问题等方面予以分析总结。结果:幼儿中超重及肥胖发生率为9.76%;营养不良发生率为12.20%。平均幼儿出生身高0.51±0.04m;出生体重3.17±0.53kg。出生半年中母乳喂养率(36/123)29.27%,人工喂养率(41/123)33.33%。经济发展快速区域幼儿早餐中奶类和蛋类摄入率较高,但不良饮食习惯较多。其前3位健康问题依次为易感染呼吸道疾病、食欲不佳、过敏症;经济发展相对缓慢区域幼儿早餐以米面类为主,奶蛋类摄入率较低,饮食不良习惯发生率较低,其前3位健康问题依次为注意力不集中、睡眠问题、易感染呼吸道疾病。结论:在经济转型变化速度不同的背景下,不同经济发展区域的幼儿中,饮食结构和习惯以及存在的健康问题有些差异,分析这些差异有助于指导对幼儿的健康干预。

Objective:To investigate development,nutrition and health problem existed in young children recently in Shanghai, and to analyze the leading growth trends in young children in diverse economic areas.Methods:Questionnaire survey was made in 4 kindergartens, one was private kindergarten , other three were public located downtown of city. The contents including development status, early nutrition and feeding types, diet habit and mainly food categories of breakfast,the existing diverse symptoms were analyzed.Results:Overweight and obesity in all children occurred about 9.76%, while malnutrition rate was 12.2%. Average birth-length was 0.51±0.04 m, average birth-weight , 3.17±0.53 kg. The rate of breastfeeding and formulas during half a year after birth was about 29.27% and 33.33% respectively. Susceptible to respiratory diseases, anorexia, hypersensitivity were the main health problems in young children living in the better economic background area. Though milk and egg were common in their breakfast, they had more diet mal-behaving compared with those children in worse economic background area. Scatterbrains, sleeping problems and susceptible to respiratory diseases were three preceding health problems in children in worse economic background area, whose breakfast was cereal-oriented.Conclusion:The young children in different economic background have different trends of diet styles and the related health problems. Analysis on these differences could help to guide the health intervention to young children.