工伤保险行业差别费率确定方法探讨

Probe into evaluation of trade discrimination rate of occupational injury insurance

制定合理的行业差别费率对于工伤保险基金的稳定、促进企业改善安全生产状况具有积极作用。我国工伤保险制度处于起步阶段,有些地区对行业差别费率厘定进行了探索,但费率与风险的关联性不强,影响了低风险企业参加工伤保险统筹的积极性。本文针对工伤统计数据缺乏的现状,分析了现阶段工伤保险行业差别费率确定方法的研究现状,重点讨论了确定行业风险等级的3种方法,即聚类分析法、风险系数测评和模糊风险评估法的应用过程以及优缺点;另外,强调了在确定行业风险指数时,应注意根据不同事故类别的严重度来确定各风险因素指标的权重大小。最后,应用风险评估理论分析工伤保险行业差别费率的运作机理,提出应用工伤赔付支出费用计算行业差别费率的数学公式,此公式原理清晰、操作方便,且有利于各统筹地区根据实际情况划分行业差别费率。

The present article aims to introduce the authors' evaluation of the industry discrimination rate of occupational injury insurance in china. Needless to say, it is natural that there exist reasonable trade discrimination rates of occupational injury insurance, however, safety production condition and injury insurance fund in different walks are quite big. The occupational trade discrimination rates and the trade risks are barely correlated with each other in China that the low risk enterprises are reluctant to attend the occupational injury insurance system. Therefore, this paper tries to focus its attention on how to measure the industry discrimination rate of occupational injury insurance in china. Moreover, the applied processes, the advantages and disadvantages of the three methods to measure the trade accident risk level, technically speaking, the clustering analysis, risk coefficient computation and fuzzy evaluation - are discussed. In addition, it is emphasized that the risk level of industrial accident should be considered by the accident severity when considering the industry accident risk coefficients. Furthermore, while reviewing the features of the industry discrimination rate, the authors put forward a function dependent on injury serenity, used for computing the industry discrimination rate of occupational injury insurance. Thus, it is clear that it would be appropriate for each planned area to measure its own local discrimination rate according to its own particular situations.