中国与东盟各国制造业竞争力比较及启示

A Comparison of the Competitiveness of Manufacturing Industry between China and ASEAN

本文运用Lary(1968),Hill和Philips(1997)的方法对中国和东盟的制造业按要素密集度分类,结果表明中国和东盟制造业要素密集度非常相似,竞争基本上处于同一层次。从劳动生产率和劳动力成本的角度比较,中国制造业的竞争力主要依靠劳动力成本优势,劳动生产率即使和发展水平与我国接近的国家相比也没有优势。只有加快制造业技术水平的提升,实现产业结构的升级,才能改变中国与东盟制造业竞争性大于互补性的局面。

Adopting Lary's(1968), Hill and Philips'(1997) theories, the authors of this paper classify the degrees of factor intensity in China and ASEAN, and conclude that they are quite similar, almost at the same level in terms of their competitiveness. As for labor cost and productivity, the competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry relies mainly on its cheap labor, while its productivity has no superiority over other countries at a similar development level. Only through an improvement of its technology and industrial structure can China's manufacturing industry enjoy more mutual benefit rather than competitiveness with ASEAN.