美苏冷战史:机理、特征和意义

The History of the Soviet-American Cold War:Its Mechanism, Characteristics and Significance

美苏两个超级大国的兴起和它们之间的冷战是现代世界历史的必然。美苏冷战来自19世纪期间开始、并且愈益加速的国际权势分布的极化趋势,并且在相当大程度上孕育于十月革命到第二次世界大战争的美苏关系史。意识形态对立与基本地缘政治环境中的超级大国利益竞争等因素结合在一起,决定性地促成了美苏冷战。冷战史的需要阐释的基本问题在于冷战的起源、冷战的地缘政治特征和强烈意识形态性质、美苏军备竞赛、冷战的自我控制机制、冷战的全球化、冷战紧张程度的起伏变化、冷战终结和苏联瓦解的基本原因以及冷战的世界历史意义。

The rise of the two superppwers, the United States and the Soviet Union, and the Cold War between tehm was an inevitable outcome of the modern world history. The Soviet American Cold War came from the trend of polarization of international power distribution that began during the 19+{th} century and had been accelerated with generally increasing pace. It also originated in a substantial degree in the history of the Soviet-American relations from the October Revolution to the Second World War. Ideological confrontation combining with other factors, especially the superpower interest-oriented competition in the fundamental geopolitical environment, decisively help to bring about the Cold War. The major aspects of its history to be surveyed and elaborated consist in its origins, its geopolitical characteristics and intensive ideological nature, its self-control mechanism and the superpower arms race, together with globalization of the Cold War, vicissitudes of the intensity of the Soviet-American confrontation, the causes for the end of the Cold War and the collapse of t he Soviet Union, and, finally, the significances of the Cold War in world history.