归复祖制、承前启后的定陵

Ding Mausoleum—the Transition from the Preceding to the Following

定陵在清东陵裕陵西面四里的平安峪,合葬着清文宗奕和孝德皇后萨克达氏,为清东陵中的第四座帝陵。平安峪在咸丰二年(一八五二年)由奕钦定为万年吉地。咸丰九年(一八五九年)开工兴建,至同治四年(一八六五年)蒇事。定陵营建之初就发生了“规制之争”,遗存样式雷图档表明,定陵规划设计曾拟订多个方案:定陵设计或效仿慕陵,或恢复祖制,或两者兼顾。最终,定陵建筑采用宝华峪吉地规制。论文分析了定陵建筑采用宝华峪吉地规制的原因。定陵地形陡峭,里程短,布局紧。由于慕陵改制的影响以及风水地势的限制等因素,在恢复以往祖制的同时,定陵建筑形制与布局也形成许多独有的特点。定陵规制是承上启下的,在清陵制度的发展史上,定陵占有不可忽视的重要位置。

Located in the Ping'an Yu, 2 kilometers to the west of Yu Mausoleum in the East Qing Royal'Tombs, Ding Mausoleum is the fourth one of the East Qing Royal'tombs, which serves as the final palace of the Qing Wen Zong Yi zhu and his queen Sakerla. Ping'an Yu was selected as the Ever Place by the emperor Yi zhu himself at the 2nd year of Xianfeng(1852), and the construction began in the 9th year of Xianfeng, but it was finished in the 4th year of Tongzhi(1865) for various reasons. Some of the designs look like that of Mu Mausoleum, some look like the comeback of ancestor, while others are the combination of the two.The paper also analyses the causes why Ding Mausoleum adopted the system of the Baohuaya Ever Place. Ding Mausoleum is steep geographically and therefore the mileage is short,the layout is tight.As a result of the influence of Mu Mausoleum and the limitatim of Fengshui and the lanscape the form of construction and the layout of Ding Mausoleum were also of many particular characteristics. Ding Mausoleum’s system is the transition from the preceding to the following in the phylogeny of the Qing Mausoleum system,so the important position of Ding Mausoleum can't be neglected.