略谈考古学文化与史前社会研究

在有关社会历史的考古学研究中,考古学文化集中揭示的是以物质形态为核心的地域文化,而构成特定人类共同体及其文化的核心却在于以意识形态为基础的精神文化方面。考古学文化中的聚落遗存虽是探讨人类共同体的有效途径,但也无法完全克服考古资料的模糊性特征,尤其是民族考古学研究还需密切关注文献资料的模糊性与局限性。相对而言,考古资料的物质性、客观性和全面性特点,使得考古学文化在社会历史的宏观性和长时段性(过程)研究方面具有更加明显的作用。

In the archaeological research on social history, archaeological culture mainly reveals the regional culture, but the corn of Human community and its culture lies in the mental culture based on ideological form. The research on settlement is a useful way to explore Human community, but it cannot conquer the fuzziness of archaeological material. And we should especially pay attention to the fuzziness and limitation of the document material in ethnoarchaeology research. Comparatively speaking, archaeological material is objective and overall, which makes the archaeological cultural has obvious advantages in the macroscopic and long-time interval research on social history.