深圳地区健康婴儿发微量元素含量分析

The Analysis of Trace Elements Levels in Baby's Hair in Shenzhen Area

目的:研究深圳市婴儿微量元素营养状况,给婴儿合理补充微量元素提供依据。方法:采用原子吸收光谱法对486名足月出生42d的体检健康婴儿胎发进行微量元素测定,并对数据进行统计学处理。结果:42d婴儿胎发中铜、铅、锌、铁、锰、钙、镁含量(μg/g)分别为:10.45±3.91、14.40±28.01、155.2±60.1、18.35±6.87、1.356±1.310、715.0±191.4、52.99±20.55,铜/锌比值为0.080±0.053;男婴组与女婴组比较无显著差异(P>0.05);胎发中锰、锌、铜、铁、镁、钙含量偏低的婴儿比例分别是39.5%、31.7%、29.6%、24.9%、3.5%、0.4%;有21.6%的受检婴儿发铅含量高。铅高组婴儿发铜、铁、锰含量高,发锌含量低,与非铅高组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01);铅高组婴儿缺乏铜、锌、锰、铁、钙的比例及铜/锌比值升高比例与非铅高组比较差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:深圳地区婴儿钙、镁营养水平较好,发铅含量偏高,而缺乏锰、锌、铜、铁的婴儿比例较高。提示深圳地区孕、产妇应避免生活中的铅暴露,并应加强婴儿铜、锌、铁、锰元素的补充,减低铅对婴儿智力及生长发育的不良影响。

Objective: To realize the nutrition status of trace elements of babies in Shenzhen area. Methods: we determined the contents of trace elements in the hairs of 486 cases of 42 days old healthy babies by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Results: The concentrations (μg/g) of Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ca and Mg in the hairs of 42 days old babies are: 10.45±3.91, 14.40±28.01, 155.2±60.1, 18.35±6.87, 1.356±1.310, 715.0±191.4 and 52.99±20.55, the Cu/Zn ratio is 0.080±0.053. The levels of elements in the hairs showed no difference between the boys and the girls (P>0.05). The proportions of the babies lacking on Mn, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mg and Ca are 39.5%, 31.7%, 29.6%, 24.9%, 3.5% and 0.4%, individually. There are 21.6% babies with high level of plumbum in hairs. The scales lacking on Mn, Zn, Cu, Fe and high Cu/Zn ratio of the group with high level of plumbum in hairs showed significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The pregnant women and lying-in women should pay attention to avoid the contact with plumbum and to supply the babies in Shenzhen area with the trace elements of Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn.