地方企业集群制度变迁的演化论解释——以浙江模式为例

An Interpretation of Institutional Change in Local Clusters of Enterprises:The Model in Zhejiang Province as Example

从“社会—经济人”假设出发,以哈耶克的社会秩序为基础,结合格兰诺维特的弱嵌入性概念、威廉姆森的交易成本经济学理论,可形成一个地方企业集群制度变迁的演化论分析框架。文章认为,中心边缘处自由市民群体的形成,是浙江模式起源的成因;中国传统社会差序格局中,以家为中心的血亲关系是强关系,家以外熟人社会圈中的义务—期望关系则是弱关系,人际关系的强与弱,在地方企业集群形成中,则逆转换为强集群和弱企业。

A frame of analysis to the theory of system-changing in local clusters of enterprises can be formed as starting from the hypothesis of “social-economical person,” with Hayek’s theory of social order, and combined with Granovetter’s conception of weak embedding, as well as Williamson’s economical theory of exchange cost. This thesis holds that the formation of free citizen group at the marginal area of the center is the cause of the origin of Zhejiang model. In the pattern of China’s traditional social hierarchy, the kinship, with family as its center, is a strong relationship, and outside the family, an obligation-expectation relationship among the social circle of friends is a weak one. In the formation of local enterprises clusters, the strong or weak relationship will counter-transform into strong clusters or weak enterprises.