成像雷达遥感的生态学应用

The Use of Imaging Radars for Ecological Applications

成像雷达(SAR)遥感具有独特的全天时、全天候及对地物的穿透性与形态探测能力。尤其是近年来新型成像雷达遥感(极化、干涉)及数据处理技术的发展,从SAR遥感影像上获得的地表信息越来越多,这些为进一步推进成像雷达遥感数据在生态学中的应用提供了基础。总结了成像雷达遥感在陆地生态环境系统中的4类典型应用:1土地覆盖分类与植被制图;2估计森林生物量;3洪泛区与湿地监测;4其它生态环境变化过程的探测。最后分析了不同生态学应用中SAR系统参数的最优配置,这对于我国开展成像雷达遥感在陆地生态环境监测中的应用具有非常重要的参考意义。

Imaging radar (SAR) posseses unique capabilities, which can work all day/all night and all weather, can penetrate some special objects and can detect the shapes of ground objects. Especially, with the developments of new imaging radars,such as polSAR, InSAR, and data processing technologies, environmental remote sensing using SAR can provide more and more information about terrestrial ecosystems. All these can greatly propel and improve the SAR applications to ecological environment. The paper reviews the demonstrated capabilities of imaging radars for investigating terrestrial ecosystems, including four broad categories: ①land cover classification and vegetation mapping; ②estimation of woody plant biomass; ③monitoring the extent and timing of inundation and wetland; and ④monitoring other temporally-dynamic processes. Finally, the selection of optimal parameters of SAR system for different ecological applications are listed and anzlyzed. It can provide significant reference for ecological applications using SAR data in China.