污染河道治理技术研究进展

Recent Advances of the technology for polluted river treatment

河道综合整治已引起人们广泛关注。综述了国内外河道治理常用的物理、化学和生物等方法的原理和工艺。物理法介绍了调水、机械除藻、底泥疏浚等,该法治标不治本;化学法有混凝沉淀,它易造成产生二次污染;生态—生物法是国外近年来发展很快的,借助自然界自身的水体自净能力治理受污水体的一类新技术,包括河道曝气法、生物膜法、生物修复技术,土地处理法等。同时也介绍了目前发展起来的最新河道治理工艺,如悬浮填料移动床、曝气生态净化系统和底泥生物氧化等多种方法,这类工艺是将生物法与其他工艺相结合,具有多功能、高效率等特点。

This paper reviewed the physical, chemical and biological methods applied to polluted river treatment. Physical methods include water transfer, sediment dredging and disposal. However, these are only the temporary solutions. Chemical methods, such as coagulating sedimentation, can cause secondary pollution. Ecological-biological methods can have better ecological effect due to the biological purification process. These methods include aeration, biological membrane and bioremediation, etc. Furthermore, other new techniques were also introduced, such as suspended filler moving bed, eco-purification system with aeration and land treatment, etc. It is indicated that the characteristic of combined techniques are multifunctional and high efficient.