多年生黑麦草核型分析与组织培养再生植株染色体变异研究

Studies on the Karyotype and Chromosome Variation of Regenerated Perennial Ryegrass

对多年生黑麦草核型及组织培养再生植株细胞染色体变异进行了观察研究。结果表明:多年生黑麦草为二倍体,属中等染色体,由中部着丝点染色体和亚中部着丝点染色体组成,属"1A"型,其核型公式为2n=2x=14=2sm+12m(2SAT)。组培再生苗根尖细胞有40%发生了染色体数目变异,其中以非整倍体变异居多;同时存在一定数量的染色体倒位、断裂、凝聚、双着丝点等染色体结构变异及染色体桥、落后染色体、染色体不均等分裂等染色体有丝分裂异常现象。

The chromosome karyotypes and the chromosome variation of regenerated plants of perennial ryegrass(Lolium perenne L.)were studied. The results showed that perennial ryegrass was diploid and composed of metacentric chromosomes and submetacentric chromosomes and belonged to '1A' type. Its karyotypical formula was 2n=2x=14=2sm+12m(2SAT). It was also found that the chromosome amount changes happened in 40% of regenerated plants cells and there were also obvious chromosome structure variations (fragment,dicentrics,condensation and transposed ring etc. ), mitotic aberrations (lagging chromosome, bridges) as well as numerical alterations (including haploid,aneuploid and polyploid etc.)in some cells of regenerated plants.