重庆市居民蛔虫感染流行病学调查分析

Human Ascaris Infection and Correlative Factors in Chongqing Municipality

目的了解重庆市人群蛔虫感染情况和影响蛔虫感染的相关因素分析,为制订防治措施提供依据。方法以全国第一次寄生虫病分布调查点为主层,在全市范围内抽取7个区县,每区县3个点,每个点检查500人,每人采集一份大便标本,采用KatoKatz厚涂片法计数检查蛔虫卵。结果共调查7个县21个点,检查10575人,蛔虫感染率在1.13%～50.33%之间,平均为20.91%;与第一次分布调查比较感染率下降幅度在41.75%～97.34%之间,平均下降了69.29%;性别间差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.53,P>0.05);年龄以30岁以下3个组感染率最高,显著高于其他年龄组(P<0.01),但此3组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);大于60岁组显著低于其他年龄组(P<0.01);文化程度以学龄前儿童与初中、小学学历感染率最高。蛔虫感染因素分析,有6个变量的回归系数差异存在统计学意义,危险因素强度排序依次为生吃蔬菜(X10)、喝生水(X11)、未服驱虫药(X13)、低年龄组(X14)、不良厕所类型(X6)、饭前不洗手(X8)。结论蛔虫感染率较20世纪90年代大幅度下降,感染度亦相应减轻,蛔虫感染的主要方式是经口吞入感染期虫卵。生吃蔬菜、人畜粪便未经无害化处理和饭前不洗手是最危险因素。

Objective To understand the infect ion and correlative factors of ascaris in Chongqing residents. Method Based on the “1st Nation-wide Survey on Parasitoses in China(1990)”, 21 sites in 7 counties or districts(with 3 sites in each county or district) were selected and 500 persons in each site were examined with Kato-Katz method. Result A total of (10 575) persons were examined and ascaris infec tion rate ranged 1.13%～50.35% with an average rate of 20.91% which dropped b y 69.29%(41.75%～97.34%) as compared with that of 1st nation-wide survey in 1990. Infection rate was 21.19% (1 121/5 289) in females and 20.62%(1 090/(5 286)) in males (P>0.05). The infection rate of <30 years age groups i.e. <10, 10～, 20～ age groups were higher than that of other age groups(P<0.0 1) but there were no significant differences within the 3 groups. >60 ages was the lowest in all age groups (P<0.01). The regressive coefficients of 6 va riables revealed statistical differences. In orders from strong to weak the 6 ri sk factors were eating raw vegetable(X10),drinking unboiled water(X11),taking no insectifuge(X13), low age group(X14), bad latrine type(X6),and not washing hand s before meals(X8). Conclusion Since 1990, ascaris infection has greatly declined in Choingqing and the risk factors related to decomposition of feces and unhealthy habits.