产权的动态配置与财务会计目标的变迁

Dynamic Distribution of Property Rights and the Changes of Financial Accounting Objectives

所有权配置直接影响企业的效率和契约各方的利益。理论上说,最优的企业所有权安排应当是:剩余索取权的配置和控制权的配置相对应,让企业的风险承担者拥有企业所有权,但企业所有权的最终安排取决于契约各方凭借自身实力进行博弈。公司治理结构是企业所有权最终安排的具体表现形式。财务会计作为协调契约各方利益的一个经济信息系统,其目标的定位应与企业所有权的配置以及相应的公司治理模式相一致。“受托责任观”是对传统的“股权至上”逻辑和股东单边治理模式的反映,而“决策有用观”则体现了人力资本所有者和非人力资本所有者共同拥有企业所有权、共同参与企业治理这一趋势。

The arrangement of enterprise ownership influence the efficiency and different participants' interest of firm directly.The optimal arrangement of enterprise ownership is an arrangement under which residual claims should match rights of control.But the terminal depends on negotiation and gaming among the participants of the firm.Corporate governance reflects enterprise ownership's specific arrangement and should suit to it.Financial accounting is an economic information system,which coordinates the interest of different participants.Its objectives should reflect the arrangement of enterprise ownership and corporate governance.The changing of financial accounting objectives from stewardship view to decision usefulness view just reflects the changing of enterprise ownership's arrangement and corporate governance.