上海冬季大气可吸入颗粒物的PIXE研究

Studies on PIXE of inharable atmospheric particulate matter in winter of Shanghai

为了研究上海冬季大气气溶胶颗粒物的化学特征，2001年12月～2002年1月使用TEOM1400型和2100型空气采样器，采集了市区和郊区19个有代表性采样点的PM2.5和PM10样品．使用质子激发X射线荧光分析方法(HIXE)测定颗粒物中近20种元素．结果发现。除了Ti和P等元素外，绝大多数元素的平均浓度是市区高于郊区．不同采样点的PM2.5/PM10范围为0．32-0．85，平均值为0．60±0．16．富集因子分析表明，上海大气可吸入颗粒物中的元素来源可以分为地壳元素和人为污染元素2类，S、As、Pb、Ni、Mn、Se等污染元素更趋于富集在直径小于2．5μm的细颗粒物中．

The samples of PM2.5 and PM10 were collected using the air sampler of TEOM 1400 and 2100 types during the period of December 2001~January 2002 at 19 representative sampling sites of Shanghai urban and suburb area to investigate the chemical character of aerosol particulate matter in winter. The contents of about 20 kinds of elements were determined with proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique. The average concentrations of most elements in the urban area were higher than those in the suburb area, except for Ti and P elements. The ratio range of PM2.5/PM10 in different sampling sites was from 0.32 to 0.85 with its average ratio 0.60±0.16. The result of enrichment factor analysis showed that the source of inharable particulate matter might be divided into two categories of elements from earth crust and artificial pollution elements. Attention showed be paid to that the pollution elements such as S, As, Pb, Ni, Mn and Se tended still to enrich in fine particulate matter with diameter less than 2.5μm.