摘要
2005年2月16日,倍受国际社会关注的《京都议定书》(《议定书》)终于正式生效。《议定书》下的清洁发展机制(CDM)与发展中国家关系最为密切,了解和分析国际上实施CDM的动态,是发展中国家积极参与国际减排行动并争取自身最大利益的必要前提。《京都议定书》下正式的CDM项目屈指可数,项目审批程序复杂、风险大;技术含量低、减排量大的非CO2项目大行其道;CER价格被买方压制。众多因素限制了CDM市场的大规模发展和对东道国可持续发展的贡献。昂贵而费时的项目开发、核证和审批使CDM产生了事倍功半的效果。若不对CDM体制进行较大的改革,它将很难在2012年后继续生存下去。对于中国的CDM开发商和咨询机构,采用EB已批方法学将有助于降低审批风险;实施单边项目将有可能使CER获得二级或现货市场的最大收益。
The Kyoto Protocol came into force on February 16, 2005 finally. The Clean Development Mechanism under the Protocol requires developing countries participation. Therefore, it is necessary to un- derstand and analyze the current status on CDM implementation around the world. At present, there are only handful CDM projects officially registered at Executive Board and project application and approval proce- dures are complicated and risky. The low technology content and large emission reduction projects dominate CDM market and the price of CER is suppressed by the buyers. A number of factors constrain the large scale development in CDM market and the contribution of CDM projects to host countries sustainable development is limited. The costly and time consuming project development, validation and approval processes have pro- duced half effect compared to the effort. Without significant reform, it is difficult for CDM to exist after 2012. As for CDM developers and consultants in China, it will be low risk to apply the approved methodologies when developing CDM projects. To maximum benefits of CERs, the unilateral project will be an option.
出处
《中国能源》
2005年第6期19-23,共5页
Energy of China
