不同行距下两个花生品种的水分利用,生长发育和荚果产量(英文)

Water Use, Growth and Pod Yield of Two Peanut Cultivars under Different Interrow Spacings

研究在本农艺学院开展,对每日平均气温、降水和光照均作记录.处理设六种不同株行距(0.70×0.12,0.50×0.12,0.70×0.06,0.30×0.12,0.50×0.06和0.30×0.06m),对应密度是12,18,24,28,33和55株/m2.测定0～100cm土壤样品水分含量,用于计算作物水分蒸发蒸腾量(ET)、作物光截获量(α)、土壤蒸发量(Es)、作物水分利用率(WUE)和蒸腾率(Te).最低密度(0.70×0.12m)单株生长最好,最高密度处理则导致最低的单株干物质产量,其余4个处理单株干物质产量居于二者之间.两个品种的不同间距处理同样对单株荚果饱果数、荚果和种子产量有显著影响,高密度下使其均降低,但单位面积荚果和种子产量提高,但Florman的产量要好于Colorado.种植处理显著影响作物水分蒸发蒸腾量.行距0.30m和0.50m下,两个品种都达到46和60 DAS;行距0.70m下,Colorado是66DAS而Florman是87DAS.两个品种的蒸腾率都受到行距的影响,两个品种的WUE都受到间距影响,0.70m行距下WUE最低,Colorado在0.50m和0.30m行距下,Florman在0.30m下WUE最高.行距对Te的影响因品种而异,Colorado在不同行距下无显著差异,而Florman的Te则随行距减少而增加.不同间距和品种对光合效率都没有很大影响(Colorado是3.1×10-2 Kcal/ha,Florman是3.0×10-2 Kcal/ha).

The study was carried out in a typical Hapludol soil in Agronomy and Veterinary College (UNRC, Argentina 33°07' S, 64°14' W and 421m above sea level). Daily data of mean air temperature, rainfall and radiation were recorded. Genotypes Colorado Irradiado and Florman INTA were used. Each of them was sown at six different spacings (0.70×0.12, 0.50×0.12, 0.70×0.06, 0.30×0.12, 0.50×0.06 and 0.30×0.06m) corresponding to 12, 18, 24, 28, 33 and 55plants.m 2 . The sowing was on 17 Nov. 1995 and harvest of both Colorado and Florman cultivars on 20 March and 2 May 1996, respectively. Soil water was measured between sowing and digging by gravimetric sampling from topsoil down to 100 cm depth. These soil water data were transformed into volumetric humidity through the bulk density of each soil layer. Then, these data were used to calculate crop evapotranspiration (ET). The proportion of radiation intercepted by crop (α) and soil evaporation (Es). The crop water use (WUE) and transpiration (Te) efficiencies were calculated with ET and T values. The plant spacing affected the dry matter production per plant in both cultivars. The open and low density design (0.70×0.12m) had the greatest individual plant growth, the compact and dense spacing (0.30×0.06m) showed the lowest dry matter per plant, while the others 4 spacing produced intermediate dry matter amounts per plant. The pod mature number as well as pod and seed weights per plant also varied significantly with sowing spacing in both cultivars. All of them decreased as the interplant competition increased in compact designs. Pod and seed yields per unit area were higher in the compact designs, however yield from Florman was better than from Colorado's. Sowing arrangements significantly affected both ET components. The interrow spacing length was the most important factor due to its influence on the canopy development (time required to attain soil cover >90%). In both cultivars, this condition was attained at 46 and 60 DAS in rows 0.30m and 0.50m apart respectively; sowing in rows 0.70m apart took 66 DAS for Colorado and 87 DAS for Florman. The transpiration rate was also affected by interrow spacing in both cultivars. The WUE varied in response to sowing spacing in both cultivars, 0.70m between rows had the lowest value of WUE while 0.50m and 0.30m between row in Colorado and 0.30m in Florman) the highest WUE. For Te response to row spacing, varied with the cultivar. In Colorado there was no significant difference among rows spacing, while with Florman Te increased with as distance between rows decreased. The photosynthetic efficiency was not modified either by sowing spacing or the cultivar (3.1×10 -2 and 3.0×10 -2 Kcal/ha) for Colorado and Florman, respectively.